Bakground and objectives: "The comb antibiotic sensitivity test" is a quick, reliable and cost effective method to determine the susceptibility of bacteria to different antibiotics. The purpose of this study is to design a plate that is easy and quick to use, and enable to be interpreted easily without the need for measurement of the margins with a ruler.Material and Methods: First, Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute data about the maximum growth INHIBITORY haloes formed with antibiotics and various (MIC)ro-organisms were statistically examined and determined that the most (99.7%) zone of inhibition growth is formed in the range of 42 mm. Accordingly, the obtained number (42 mm) and conventional plate size (100 mm) used for testing sensitivity were punched into Solid works software which was used to determine the best place of strip and shoulder plates. After that the efficacy this media were examined by determination of (MIC) Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumonia, non-graded and graded plate shoulders were searched and compared.Results: Has been placed two combs (MIC) in a plate in this method and didn’t create growth INHIBITORY haloes interferences. Obtained (MIC) for Nitrofurantoin (10 µg/ml), Amikacin (0.5 µg/ml), Genta(MIC)in (1 µg/ml), and Amoxicillin (0.5 µg/ml) against S.aureus, (MIC) Nalidicsic Acid, Amikcin, Genta(MIC)in and Nitrofurantoin against K.pneumonia was 0.1, 0.5, 0.5 and 10 µg/ml, respectively.Conclusion: The comparison between this new innovative method and standard methods (Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute-CLSI) shows that there a marked reduction in the interference of antibiotic therapy and will also reduce time of interpretation.

Background & Objective: Candida genus comprises diverse species of yeast and yeast like fungi that some of them especially candida albicans are parts of the normal flora of human body. They are opportunistic parasites that cause diseases. There are currently limited effective drugs against those fungi. Hence this may lead to the emergence of resistant species. The aim of present study was evaluation of antimycotic effects of nystatin, clotrimazole and (MIC)onazole against candida species. Method: Present survey is an experimental study that has evaluated antifungal effects of nystatin, clotrimazole and (MIC)onazole on candida species which were isolated from patients. These drugs were applied to 30 cases of candida albicans and 30 of other species of candida. In addition, resistant and sensitive species of candida were used. Broth and Agar mediums were used to culture the mentioned fungi and MINIMUM INHIBITORY CONCENTRATION ((MIC)) was determined for each drug. Results: Results showed that candida albicans species were more sensitive to clotrimazole and nystatin than to (MIC)onazole(P<0.01). Other candida species were more sensitive to all these drugs as compared to candida albicans(P<0.01). No significant difference was observed between the (MIC) averages of two methods. The (MIC) averages of nystatin, clotrimazole and (MIC)onazole for candida albicans were 2.2µg/ml, 2.6µg/ml and 18µg/ml respectively. The mean (MIC) of the mentioned drugs for other candida species was 0.81µg/ml, 0.56µg/ml and 1.2µg/ml respectively. Conclusion: Our results suggest that determination of species and doing sensitivity tests before any treatment are required and important; and on the whole, nonalbicans species were more sensitive than albicans species in the presence of the above drugs.

Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are considered as the most commonly used host for industrial manufacturing of therapeutic proteins. The aim of this study was to evaluate the MINIMUM INHIBITORY CONCENTRATION ((MIC)) of hygromycin B in both CHO-DG44 and CHO-S cells since hygromycin B resistance cassette can be used for future selection of gene expression in CHO cells. The MINIMUM INHIBITORY CONCENTRATION was determined by the (MIC)rodilution method. In this test, CHO cells were subjected to a range of hygromycin B CONCENTRATIONs for a defined period of time. Moreover, CHO cells were scaled up with no addition of fresh culture medium during the growth– culture cycle to investigate their growth. The (MIC) for hygromycin B in CHO-DG44 cells was 75 μ g/ml and for CHO-S cells was 50 μ g/ml. Thus, it has been indicated that CHO DG44 cell line could be more effective for stable cell line development than CHO-S cell line.

Background and Aims: Tooth decay has high prevalence in the world. The use of plant material for the prevention and treatment of this disease for various reasons is considered, due to the increasing resistance of bacteria to antibiotics, the high cost and adverse effects of some che(MIC)als used in dentistry. This study was aimed to determine the anti(MIC)robial effect of alcoholic extract of Pepper (Capsicum annuum) and eggplant skin and cap on the cariogenic streptococci.Materials and Methods: In this study, the anti(MIC)robial activity of ethanol extract of Capsicum annuum and eggplant skin and cap on the cariogenic streptococci, including Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus, and Streptococcus sanguis by (MIC)rotitre plate method for (MIC) (MINIMUM Inhibitor CONCENTRATION) was performed. Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance using Prism 5 Graph Pad software.Results: (MIC) for the Capsicum annuum and eggplant skin for Streptococcus mutans was 250 mg/ml (SD=0.052), and for the Streptococcus sobrinus and Streptococcus sanguis was 125 mg/ml (SD=0.027). The (MIC) for the cap eggplant for Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus was 500 mg/ml (SD=0) and for S. sanguis was getting 125 mg/ml (SD=0.159).Conclusion: This study showed that the herbal extracts of Capsicum annuum and eggplant skin and cap had beneficially anti(MIC)robial effects on all three strains of cariogenic streptococci.

Background: Using disinfectants that inactivate (MIC)roorganisms in various industries, from the pharmaceutical to the food service industry, has been increasing over the last few years. Anti(MIC)robial disinfectants are used as primary treatment options against pathogens on surfaces in healthcare facilities to help prevent healthcare-associated infections. The aim of this study was to determine the MINIMUM INHIBITORY CONCENTRATION ((MIC)) and MINIMUM Bactericidal CONCENTRATION (MBC) of the disinfectants used and study the corrosion of surfaces in contact with these disinfectants. Methods: In this study, (MIC)s and MBCs of the disinfectants against B. cereus, S. cerevisiae, P. aeruginosa, and S. epidermidis were measured by the (MIC)rodilution method. Ethanol, percidine, benzalkonium chloride, and deconex 50ff were examined for anti(MIC)robial effects. Results: The findings showed that S. cerevisiae had the lowest level of disinfectant resistance, whereas B. cereus consistently exhibited higher resistance. Additionally, when compared to other disinfectants at lower CONCENTRATIONs, deconex 50ff was the most potent disinfectant that resulted in (MIC)robial growth suppression. Deconex 50 FF had (MIC)s of 0. 101, 12. 939, 3. 235, and 1. 617mg/L for S. cerevisiae, B. cereus, P. aeruginosa, and S. epidermidis, respectively. In contrast, MBC of S. cerevisiae, B. cereus, P. aeruginosa, and S. epidermidis were 0. 404, 25. 879, 12. 939, and 6. 470 mg/L, respectively. Macroscopic analysis of stainless steel and plastic sandwiches treated with the specified disinfectant CONCENTRATIONs revealed no corrosion. Conclusion: Considering the importance of these (MIC)robial strains in healthcare-associated infections, using these effective disinfectants is recommended in the pharmaceutical industry.

Background: Application of natural compounds, including essential oils (EOs) and lysozyme is an effective method against growth of bacterial pathogens in foods.Objective: Determination of MINIMUM INHIBITORY CONCENTRATION ((MIC)) of lysozyme and Zataria multiflora Boiss. essential oil on L. monocytogenes.Methods: In this study different CONCENTRATIONs of lysozyme and Zataria multiflora Boiss. EOwere used alone and in combination on BHI broth to determine (MIC) of Zataria multiflora Boiss. EO and lysozyme with macro dilution and (MIC)ro dilution methods and effect of sub INHIBITORY CONCENTRATIONs of them on bacterial growth curve of L. monocytogenes.Results: The MINIMUM INHIBITORY CONCENTRATION ((MIC)) of Z. multiflora Boiss EO was estimated %0.04 using macro and (MIC)rodilution. lysozyme at the highest CONCENTRATION (1000 mg/ ml) was not effective in inhibition of bacterial growth and no (MIC) value obtained. Combination of EO and Lysozyme decreased the (MIC) value to %0.02 and 250 mg/ mlfor Z. multiflora Boiss. EO and lysozyme, respectively. The results of growth curve analysis showed that combination was effective in increasing the lag phase.Conclusion: Z. multiflora Boiss and lysozyme showed to be effective against bacterial growth and its potential application in food systems may be suggested.